Vladimir E. Medvedev
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic posed a significant risk to mental health. Specific stress factors having a negative impact on the mental health emerged, population groups more vulnerable to psychological stress and pathological psychological responses were formed, the number of heterogeneous mental disorders (depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, PTSD, etc.) rapidly increased almost in one third of the population and in 2/5-1/2 of medical specialists at the sources of outbreak. Selection of effective psychopharmacological drugs for management and treatment of mental disorders, taking into account the need for their combination with antiviral drugs in the weakened patients with COVID-19, is the main practical problem.
Key words: mental disorders, mental health, COVID-19, pandemic.
Key words: mental disorders, mental health, COVID-19, pandemic.
About the Author
Vladimir E. Medvedev 11 People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
References
1. Bertelli MO, Scuticchio D, Bianco A et al. Predlozhenie po reagirovaniiu na vspyshku COVID-19 i soputstvuiushchie faktory psikhicheskogo distressa u liudei s umstvennoi otstalost'iu i rasstroistvami autisticheskogo spektra s vysokimi i ochen' vysokimi potrebnostiami v ukhode. 2020. https://con-med.ru/partner_article/all/predlozheniya-po-reagirovaniyu-na-vspyshku-covid-19-i-soputstvuyushchie-faktory-psikhicheskogo-distr/ (in Russian).
2. Qiu J, Shen B, Zhao M et al. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. General Psychiatry 2020; 33: e100213. DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213corr1
3. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE et al. The Psychological Impact of Quarantine and How To Reduce It: Rapid Review of the Evidence. Lancet 2020; 395 (10227): 912–20. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20) 30460-8
4. World Health Organization. Mental Health and Psychosocial Considerations During COVID-19 Outbreak. 2020. https://who.sprinklr. com/
5 Mental Health UK. Managing your mental health during the coronavirus outbreak. Accessed March 31, 2020. https://mentalhealth-uk.org/help-and-information/covid-19-and-your-mental-health/
6. Sorokin M.Iu., Kas'ianov E.D., Rukavishnikov G.V. et al. Struktura trevozhnykh perezhivanii, assotsiirovannykh s rasprostraneniem SOVID-19: dannye onlain-oprosa. Vestnik RGMU. 2020; 3. DOI: 10.24075/vrgmu.2020.030 (in Russian).
7. Schwartz BJ. New APA survey on public anxiety over COVIDE19. High Anxiety in America Over COVID-19 – Medscape. Mar 28, 2020.
8. Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). World Health Organization (WHO), 2020. Available from (assessed Feb 15, 2020): https:// www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations- (2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)
9. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. Lancet 2020; 395 (10227): 912–20. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30460-8
10. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y et al. Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3 (3): e203976. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
11. London RT. Is COVIDE19 leading to a mental illness pandemic? Presented by ID PracEtitioner in MDedge Infectious disease [published online March 25, 2020]. Available at: https://www.mdedge.com/infectiousdisease/article/219612/coronavirusEupdates/covidE19Eleading
EmentalEillnessEpandemic?fbclid (accessed April 4, 2020).
12. Agamamedova I.N., Bannikov G.S., Keshchian K.L. et al. Psikhicheskie reaktsii i narusheniia povedeniia u lits s COVID-19. Informatsionnoe pis'mo. M., 2020. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=42724333 (in Russian).
13. Goldberg JF. Psychiatry’s niche role in the COVIDE19 pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry 2020; 81 (3): 20com13363. DOI: 10.4088/JCP. 20com13363
14. Yao H, Chen JH, Xu YF. Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7 (4): e21. DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30090-0
15. Li YC, Bai WZ, Hashikawa T. The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol 2020; 92 (6): 552–5. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25728
16. Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M et al. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet 2020; 395 (10229): 1033–4. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0
17. Medvedev V.E., Koroviakova E.A., Frolova V.I., Gushanskaia E.V. Antidepressivnaia terapiia u patsientov s serdechno-sosudistymi zabolevaniiami. Nevrologiia, neiropsikhiatriia i psikhosomatika. 2019; 11 (1): 131–40. DOI: 10.14412/2074-2711-2019-1-131-140 (in Russian).
18 Steptoe A, Shankar A, Demakakos P et al. Social isolation, loneliness, and all cause mortality in older men and women. Proc Natl AcadSci USA 2013; 110 (15): 5797–801. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1219686110
19. China Newsweek. Collective infections of coronavirus among 50 patients and 30 health workers in one psychiatric hospital in Wuhan. Shanghai Obs. 2020. Accessed Feb 17, 2020. https://www.jfdaily.com/ news/ detail?id=208584
20. Fagiolini A, Cuomo A, Frank E. COVID-19 diary from a psychiatry department in Italy. J Clin Psychiatry 2020; 81 (3): 20com13357. DOI: 10.4088/JCP.20com13357
21. Garriga M, Agasi I, Fedida E et al. The role of Mental Health Home Hospitalization Care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2020. DOI: 10.1111/acps.13173
22. Kim MJ. “It was a medical disaster”: The psychiatric ward that saw 100 patients diagnosed with new coronavirus. Independent [published online March 1, 2020]. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/ world/asia/coronavirussouth-korea-outbreak-hospital-patients-lockdown-a9367486.html
23. Dong L, Bouey J. Public Mental Health Crisis during COVID-19 Pandemic, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26. DOI: 10.3201/ eid2607.202407
24. Yang Y, Li W, Zhang Q et al. Mental health services for older adults in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7 (4): e19. DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30079-1
25. Courtet P, Olié E, Debien C, Vaiva G. Keep socially (but not physically) connected and carry on: preventing suicide in the age of COVID-19.
J Clin Psychiatry 2020; 81 (3): 20com13370. DOI: 10.4088/JCP. 20com13370
26. Goyal K, Chauhan P, Chhikara K et al. Fear of COVID 2019: first suicidal case in India! Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 49: 101989. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101989
27. Tubbs AS, Perlis ML, Basner M et al. Relationship of nocturnal wakefulness to suicide risk across months and methods of suicide. J Clin Psychiatry 2020; 81 (2): 19m12964. DOI: 10.4088/jcp.19m12964
28. Luhby T. СNN, Published online April 16, 2020. https://edition.cnn. com/2020/04/16/health/anti-anxiety-medication-us-demand-coronavirus/ index.html
29. Schwartz BJ. New Poll: COVID-19 Impacting Mental Well-Being: Americans Feeling Anxious, Especially for Loved Ones. APA News releases. March 25, 2020. https://www.psychiatry.org/newsroom/ news-releases/new-poll-covid-19-impacting-mental-well-being-americans-feeling-anxious-especiallyfor-loved-ones-older-adults-are-less-anxious
30. Galea S, Merchant RM, Lurie N. The Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 and Physical Distancing: The Need for Prevention and Early Intervention. JAMA Intern Med (Published online April 10, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1562
31. Rossi R, Socci V, Talevi D et al. COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures impact on mental health among the general population in Italy. An N=18147 web-based survey. 2020. medRxiv preprint. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.20057802
32. Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV): strategic preparedness and response plan Feb 3, 2020. World Health Organization, 2019 [cited 2020 Feb 7]. https://www.who.int/docs/ default-source/coronaviruse/srp-04022020.pdf
33. Li W, Yang Y, Liu ZH et al. Progression of Mental Health Services during the COVID-19 Outbreak in China. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16 (10): 1732–8. DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45120
34. Rossi R, Socci V, Pacitti F et al. Mental health outcomes among front and second line health workers associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. medRxiv preprint. DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.16.20067801
35. Mosolov S.N. Aktual'nye zadachi psikhiatricheskoi sluzhby v sviazi s pandemiei COVID-19. Sovremennaia terapiia psikhicheskikh rasstroistv. 2020; 2. DOI: 10.21265/PSYPH.2020.53.59536 (in Russian).
36. Doarn CR. Telemedicine and psychiatry: a natural match. Health 2018; 4: 60. DOI: 10.21037/mhealth.2018.12.04
37. Duan L, Zhu G. Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7 (4): 300–2. DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30073-0
38. Liu S, Yang L, Zhang C et al. Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7 (4): 17–8. DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30077-8
39. American Psychiatric Association (APA). Telepsychiatry Practice Guidelines. Available online April, 23, 2020. https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/telepsychiatry/blog/apa-resources-on-telepsychiatry-and-covid-19
40. Zhou X. Psychological crisis interventions in Sichuan Province during the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak. Psychiatry Res 2020; 286: 112895. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112895 4
41. The State Council of China. A notification to setup nationwide psychological assistance hotlines against the 2019-nCoV outbreak. Published February 2, 2020. Accessed March 3, 2020. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-02/ 02/ content_5473937.htm
42. Liu N, Zhang F, Wei C et al. Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 Outbreak in China Hardest-hit Areas: Gender differences matter. Psychiatry Res 2020; 112921. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112921
43. Sohn E. COVID-19: National Psychiatrist-Run Hotline Offers Docs Emotional PPE. Medscape Medical News. Published online April 24, 2020. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/929325?nlid=135204_ 2052&src=WNL_mdplsnews_200424_mscpedit_ psyc&uac=228377 PK&spon=12&impID= 2358532&faf=1
44. Medvedev V.E., Kardashian R.A., Frolova V.I. et al. Issledovanie effektivnosti razlichnykh skhem zameny antidepressanta pri razvitii sindroma SIOZS-indutsirovannoi apatii. Nevrologiia, neiropsikhiatriia i psikhosomatika. 2020; 2: 48–56. DOI: 10.14412/2074-2711-2020-2-48-56 (in Russian).
45. Medvedev V.E., Ter-Israelian A.Iu., Frolova V.I. et al. Optimizatsiia terapii psikhicheskikh rasstroistv s mul'tisindromal'noi klinicheskoi kartinoi. Psikhiatriia i psikhofarmakoterapiia im. P.B. Gannushkina. 2020: 1; 23–7 (in Russian).
46. Medvedev V.E. Effektivnost' i perenosimost' sovremennykh antidepressantov: rezul'taty setevykh metaanalizov i rossiiskii opyt. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2018; 118 (11): 109–17. DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2018118111109 (in Russian).
47. Medvedev V.E. Depressivnye rasstroistva. Glava v rukovodstve. Putevoditel' vrachebnykh naznachenii. Sovremennoe rukovodstvo dlia praktikuiushchikh vrachei. Tom 6. Pod red. A.I. Martynova. Moscow: Bionika Media, 2018. P. 57–69 (in Russian).
48. Mosolov S.N. Problemy psikhicheskogo zdorov'ia v usloviiakh pandemii COVID-19. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2020; 120 (5): 7–15. DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20201200517 (in Russian).
49. Kostiukova E.G., Malin D.I., Mosolov S.N., Tsukarzi E.E. Lekarstvennaia terapiia lits s psikhicheskimi rasstroistvami, zabolevshikh koronavirusnoi infektsiei (COVID-19). Informatsionnoe pis'mo. Moscow, 2020. https://psychiatr.ru/news/1116 (in Russian).
50. FDA/U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 19.12.2019. https://www.fda. gov/news-events/fda-brief/fda-brief-fda-requires-new-warnings-gabapentinoids-about-risk-respiratory-depression
51. Chan HY, Lai CL, Lin YC, Hsu CC. Is Antipsychotic Treatment Associated With Risk of Pneumonia in People With Serious Mental Illness? The Roles of Severity of Psychiatric Symptoms and Global Functioning. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2019; 39 (5): 434–40. DOI: 10.1097/jcp. 0000000000001090
52. Knol W, van Marum RJ, Jansen PA et al. Antipsychotic drug use and risk of pneumonia in elderly people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008; 56 (4): 661–6. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01625.x
53. Steptoe A, Shankar A, Demakakos P et al. Social isolation, loneliness, and all cause mortality in older men and women. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2013; 110 (15): 5797–801. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1219686110
54. Stein DJ. Pharmacotherapy of adjustment disorder: a review. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19 (Suppl. 1): 46–52. DOI: 10.1080/15622975. 2018.1492736
55. Medvedev V.E. Alimemazine in psychiatry and psychosomatic. Psychiatry and Psychopharmacotherapy. 2018; 20 (3–4): 26–33 (in Russian).
56. Mosolov S.N., Malin D.I., Ryvkin P.V., Sychev D.A. Lekarstvennye vzaimodeistviia preparatov, primeniaemykh v psikhiatricheskoi praktike. Sovremennaia terapiia psikhicheskikh rasstroistv. 2019; 1: 1–35. DOI: 10.21265/PSYPH.2019.50.40828 (in Russian).
57. COVID-19 Drug Interactions. The Liverpool Drug Interaction Group. Department of Pharmacology at the University of Liverpool. Available online April, 23, 2020. https://www.covid19-druginteractions.org
58. FDA/U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 29.07.2013. Drug Safety Communication: FDA approves label changes for antimalarial drug mefloquine hydrochloride due to risk of serious psychiatric and nerve side effects. https://www.fda.gov/media/86285
59. Goodlet KJ, Zmarlicka MT, Peckham A. Drug–drug interactions and clinical considerations with co-administration of antiretrovirals and psychotropic drugs. СNS Spectrums 2018; 1–26. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/S109285291800113X
60. Wynn GH, Oesterheld IR, Cozza KL, Armstrong SC. Clinical Manual of Psychotropic Drug Interaction. Principles for medical practice. Washington DC: APP, 2009; 594 p.
For citation:Medvedev V.E. Mental health in the context of COVID-19 pandemic: initial assessment. Clinical review for general practice. 2020; 1: 22–28. DOI: 10.47407/kr2020.1.1.00004
All accepted articles publish licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.