Clinical review for general practice

Last years more and more attention has been paid in the scientific literature to the role of chemicals that destroy the endocrine system. Endocrine disruptors are defined as "exogenous chemicals or a mixture of chemicals that interfere with any aspect of the action of hormones". Once in the human body, these substances can cause serious health problems. The theses provide a review of the literature describing the relationship between endocrine disruptors and neuroendocrine tumors. 

1. The Lancet Oncology. Endocrine disruptors-the lessons (not) learned. Lancet Oncol 2021; 22 (11): 1483. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00597-0
2. New Insights into Mechanisms of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Thyroid Diseases: The Epigenetic Way. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17 (21): 7787. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217787
3. Stukenborg JB, Mitchell RT, Söder O. Endocrine disruptors and the male reproductive system. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35 (5): 101567. DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101567
4. Lauretta R, Sansone A, Sansone M et al. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Effects on Endocrine Glands. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10: 178. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00178
5. https://www.verywellhealth.com/endocrine-disruptors-and-role-in-cancer-4781570
6. Hafezi SA, Abdel-Rahman WM. The Endocrine Disruptor Bisphenol A (BPA) Exerts a Wide Range of Effects in Carcinogenesis and Response to Therapy. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 12 (3): 230–8. DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666190306164507
7. Vandenberg LN, Chahoud I, Heindel JJ et al. Urinary, circulating, and tissue biomonitoring studies indicate widespread exposure
to bisphenol A. Environ. Health Perspect 2010; 118: 1055–
70.
8. Fenichel P, Chevalier N, Brucker-Davis F. Bisphenol A: an endocrine and metabolic disruptor. Ann. Endocrinol (Paris) 2013; 74: 211–20.
9. Song H, Zhang T, Yang P et al. Low doses of bisphenol A stimulate the proliferation of breast cancer cells via ERK1/2/ERRgamma signals. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30: 521–8.
10. Heckler MM, Thakor H, Schafer CC, Riggins RB. ERK/MAPK regulates ERRgamma expression, transcriptional activity and receptor-mediated tamoxifen resistance in ER+ breast cancer. FEBS J 2014; 281: 2431–42.
11. Pitto L, Gorini F, Bianchi F, Guzzolino E. New Insights into Mechanisms of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Thyroid Diseases: The Epigenetic Way. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17 (21): 7787. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217787
12. Ward MH, Jones RR, Brender JD et al. Drinking water nitrate and human health: An updated review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Health 2018; 15: 1557. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071557