Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a common condition among the elderly. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important cell-free structure of the body consisting of proteins such as collagen, proteoglycans and glycoproteins. It forms the structural framework of tissues, regulates cellular processes and maintains their function. In the cochlea, VSM regulates the morphogenesis and differentiation of auditory cells, and influences the function of hair cells and blood vessels. Aging of the body and age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and hearing loss are associated with changes in the VKM, including fibrosis and impaired cellular function. Studies of the VSM in congenital hearing loss may help to understand its mechanisms and develop new treatments.
The aim of the study was to summarize the current literature data and to evaluate the mechanisms that occur in the ear in age-related hearing loss, as well as to identify gaps in knowledge that require further research.
Materials and methods. The authors searched for publications in the electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary. The search was conducted using the following keywords in Russian and English: “age-related hearing loss”, “ear anatomy”, “cochlea”, “hair cells of the ear”, “hearing loss diagnosis”, “causes of hearing loss”, “tectorial membrane”.
Results. Changes in the structure and composition of the VSM during cochlear aging may create prerequisites for the development of various pathologies, including CHD. However, the role of VCM-associated molecules in the development of CHD remains poorly understood. This indicates the need for further research in this area.
Conclusion. The VSM is a critical component of the cochlea of the inner ear. At the macroscopic level, the VSM not only ensures the structural integrity of the cochlea, but also plays a key role in the perception and transmission of sound signals and in maintaining ionic balance in the perilymph and endolymph. During cochlear aging, changes in the structure and composition of the VSM occur, which may set the stage for the development of CHD.
Keywords: extracellular matrix, cochlea, matrix metalloproteinases, age-related hearing loss, tectorial membrane, basal membrane, spiral ligament.
The aim of the study was to summarize the current literature data and to evaluate the mechanisms that occur in the ear in age-related hearing loss, as well as to identify gaps in knowledge that require further research.
Materials and methods. The authors searched for publications in the electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary. The search was conducted using the following keywords in Russian and English: “age-related hearing loss”, “ear anatomy”, “cochlea”, “hair cells of the ear”, “hearing loss diagnosis”, “causes of hearing loss”, “tectorial membrane”.
Results. Changes in the structure and composition of the VSM during cochlear aging may create prerequisites for the development of various pathologies, including CHD. However, the role of VCM-associated molecules in the development of CHD remains poorly understood. This indicates the need for further research in this area.
Conclusion. The VSM is a critical component of the cochlea of the inner ear. At the macroscopic level, the VSM not only ensures the structural integrity of the cochlea, but also plays a key role in the perception and transmission of sound signals and in maintaining ionic balance in the perilymph and endolymph. During cochlear aging, changes in the structure and composition of the VSM occur, which may set the stage for the development of CHD.
Keywords: extracellular matrix, cochlea, matrix metalloproteinases, age-related hearing loss, tectorial membrane, basal membrane, spiral ligament.
For citation:Dzhimgirov M.A., Dzhimgirova A.F. The role of cochlea extracellular matrix in age related hearing loss. Clinical review for general practice. 2025; 6 (10): 113–117 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.47407/kr2025.6.10.00700
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